Mohsen Zakerian; Fatemeh Roudi; Saeid Eslami; Morteza Mojahedi; Malihe Motavasselian
Volume 24, Issue 10 , 2022
Abstract
Background: Temperament is a critical concept in Persian Medicine (PM) school, and its determinants independently affect human metabolism.
Objectives: The present study investigated the potential relationship between PM-based temperament and metabolic parameters.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was ...
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Background: Temperament is a critical concept in Persian Medicine (PM) school, and its determinants independently affect human metabolism.
Objectives: The present study investigated the potential relationship between PM-based temperament and metabolic parameters.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort Study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The participants temperament, physical activity, and dietary intakes were assessed through valid questionnaires. Anthropometric indices were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and energy expenditure components were evaluated using indirect calorimetry.
Results: A total of 334 individuals entered the study. Cold-tempered participants were similar to the warm-tempered in terms of age, sex, general physical activities, and environmental conditions. Warm-tempered participants had lower intakes of spices (P=0.01). Moreover, warm-tempered subjects had more muscle mass (P=0.008) and body water (P=0.007). Finally, the lower metabolic rate in cold-tempered participants was not significant (resting energy expenditure=1468±337 vs. 1519±366 Kcal/day, for cold and warm-tempered subjects, respectively)
Conclusion: Findings of the present study supported the potential relationship between PM-based temperaments and dietary intakes, anthropometric indices, and metabolic parameters. However, further large-population-based studies are required to find the exact mechanisms and interrelations between modern nutrition propositions and PM concepts.
Hossein Salmannezhad; Morteza Mojahedi; Abbas Ebadi; Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur; Abbas Alipoor; Roshanak Saghebi; Ali Montazeri
Volume 20, Issue 11 , November 2018, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Paying attention to individual differences in presenting health directives is the most important properties of Persian Medicine (PM). Accordingly, individuals in each society are divided into nine Mizaj groups. Access to the standard diagnostic scale is one of the research priorities of PM. ...
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Background: Paying attention to individual differences in presenting health directives is the most important properties of Persian Medicine (PM). Accordingly, individuals in each society are divided into nine Mizaj groups. Access to the standard diagnostic scale is one of the research priorities of PM. Objectives: The present study aimed at designing a preliminary self-administered Mizaj questionnaire, and assessed its reliability and validity. Materials and methods: For this exploratory sequential study, Mizaj identification indices were extracted using PM references, andpeople and PM experts’ interviews. The preliminary questionnaire was designed and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated using weighted Kappa statistics (> 0.4), ICC and ROC curve, and determining the sensitivity and specificity of cut-off points. Results: Overall, 15 PM experts, and 221 volunteers participated in various stages of this study. Among 119 designed questions for 30 Mizaj identification indices, 60 items had acceptable reliability. The final questionnaire containing 20 items was extracted after the validity assessment. The sensitivity and specificity of this questionnaire at the specified cut-off points were 71% and 68% for warmness, 63% and 71% for temperance in warmness-coldness, 80% and 57% for coldness, 74% and 58% for wetness, 71% and 69% fortemperance in wetness-dryness, and 78% and 85% for dryness, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first standard Mizaj identification questionnaire, which includes more dimensions of Mizaj identification and can be used for individuals aged 20 to 60 years old. This questionnaire is recommended for Mizaj identification researches and as a supplementary diagnostic scale for clinical activities of Persian Medicine practitioners.
Morteza Mojahedi; Abbas Alipour; Roshanak Saghebi; Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
Volume 20, Issue 5 , May 2018, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
Background: As personalized medicine is developing, similar concepts in Persian medicine need standardization.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the correlation of ten criteria of Mizaj assessment with Mizaj determined by experts. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological research, ...
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Background: As personalized medicine is developing, similar concepts in Persian medicine need standardization.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the correlation of ten criteria of Mizaj assessment with Mizaj determined by experts. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological research, 74 medical student volunteers were examined by ten expert raters. The agreement between every ten indices and total Mizaj were assessed with the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) and weighted by the Kappa coefficient (wk). Results: Among ten indices, the largest agreement was observed amongst indices of psychic function, impressibility, physical func- tion and physique with total warm or cold Mizaj and thus amongst indices of muscle and fat mass, touch, and physique with totalwet or dry Mizaj, respectively (k ≥ 0.4). Conclusions: The four mentioned indices in assessing warmness-coldness and three in wetness-dryness are major criteria. Other indices, such as hair condition, skin color, quality of waste matter (stool, urine, and sweat), and sleep/wakefulness have a minor effect in Mizaj identification.
Hossein Salmannezhad; Morteza Mojahedi; Abbas Ebadi; Ali Montazeri; Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur; Roshanak Saghebi; Davood Gheisari; Sajad Goudarzi
Volume 19, Issue 12 , December 2017, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: Mizaj (Temperament) is one of the fundamental concepts of Persian Medicine (PM) and identifying this concept is crucial for providing various healthcare recommendations and for the treatment of patients. In PM, various indices can indicate a person’s Mizaj, one of them is the happiness ...
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Background: Mizaj (Temperament) is one of the fundamental concepts of Persian Medicine (PM) and identifying this concept is crucial for providing various healthcare recommendations and for the treatment of patients. In PM, various indices can indicate a person’s Mizaj, one of them is the happiness of people. From this perspective, people with warm Mizaj are happier than people with cold Mizaj.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between happiness and Mizaj.Methods: In order to conduct this Cross Sectional (descriptive-correlational) study based on convenience sampling method, 610 participants completed the 29-item Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the 10-item Mojahedi Mizaj questionnaire (MMQ). The study started since September, 2016 and ended in November, 2016 in Tehran, Iran. The collected data were compared by chisquared test.Results: The frequency of happy individuals in warm, temperate, and cold Mizaj groups was 85.2%, 79% and 58.2%, respectively. According to the results of chi-squared test, individuals with cold Mizaj were significantly less happy than people with warm and temperate Mizaj. However, there was no significant difference between warm and temperate Mizaj groups. Moreover, the level of happiness in people with wet Mizaj was not significantly different from people with dry Mizaj.Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between happiness and an individual’s Mizaj. Accordingly, one of the hypotheses regarding indices of Mizaj identification in PM is strengthened. This index can be used in researches associated with designing and validating Mizaj evaluative scales in PM to differentiate cold and warm Mizaj.
